An independent review into the riots in Croydon concluded the disorder was sparked by lawlessness witnessed in other areas of London in preceding days.
Commissioned by Croydon Council, the report concluded the events of August 8 2011 were not a protest against police, inspired by the death of Mark Duggan, but a result of a lack of police presence and opportunism.
The report, led by His Honour William Barnett QC, stated: "The panel does not consider (the death of Mark Duggan) was the sole spark that set off rioting in Croydon.
"The prime spark was the impression people, particularly young men, could loot freely and the impression was given publicity of people looting unchallenged in Tottenham and subsequently other areas through television and media throughout Sunday and Monday."
Other factors included gangs, elements of the rioting found to have been organised, and a range of social tensions such as unemployment and deprivation.
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